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perched groundwater
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An isolated body of ground-water that is perched above and separated from the main water table by an aquiclude.
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vadose zone
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The region in the ground between the surface and the water table in which pores are not filled with water. Also called the unsaturated zone.
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hard water
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Water that contains suficient dissolved calcium and magnesium to cause a carbonate scale to form when the water is boiled or to prevent the sudsing of soap.
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porosity
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The percentage of open spaces (pores) in rock or soil. When these spaces are interconnected, water, air, or other fluids can migrate from space to space. Interconnected spaces make the soil or bedrock permeable.
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aquiclude
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An impermeable geologic formation or stratum which will not hold or transmit fluid.
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well
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An excavation (pit, hole, tunnel), generally cylindrical in form and often walled in, drilled, dug, driven, bored, or jetted into the ground to such a depth as to penetrate ater-yielding geologic material and allow the water to flow or to be pumped to the surface.
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salt water intrusion
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The invasion of fresh surface or groundwater by salt water.
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infiltration
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The movement of groundwater or hydrothermal water into rock or soil through joint and pores.
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recharge
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The process by which water is added to a reservoir or zone of saturation, often by runoff or percolation from the soil surface.
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recharge area
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Region in which there is a net addition of water to the groundwater system (recharge) as a result of infiltration from surface water bodies or an excess of precipitation over, evapotranspiration and runoff.
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discharge area
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Region in which there is a net loss of water from the groundwater system (discharge) to surface water bodies or by evapotranspiration.
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solute
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Organic or inorganic species that is dissolved in groundwater.
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wrong term
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Volume of contaminated groundwater that occupies a continuous region of an aquifer and emanates from a single source.
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cave system
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A cave or caves having a complex network of interconnected chambers and passages that constitute an underground drainage system
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cave
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A natural opening in the ground extending beyond the zone of light and large enough to permit the entry of an average human
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