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structure
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The shapes and position of rocks and their relationships to each other.
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tectonics
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The study of the movements and deformation of the crust on a large scale, including epeirogeny, metamorphism, folding, faulting, and plate tectonics.
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outcrop
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A segment of bedrock exposed to the atmosphere.
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exposure
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A place where rocks can be seen in their natural position and not covered by debre, vegitation, or man-made objects.
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stress
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A quantity describing the forces acting on each part of a body in units of force per unit area. Striation
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strain
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"Change in a volume of a system induced by deformation; it is positive for dilation and negative for contraction and is distinct from regolith or volume reduction, which may be an isovolumetric removal of soluble constituents in solution without deformation."
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deformation
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General term for folding, faulting, and other processes resulting from shear, compression, and extension of rocks.
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plastic deformation
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Permanent deformation (change in size or shape) of soft, but solid rock by folding or flowing without fracturing
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fracture
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Any break in rock along which no significant movement has occurred.
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axis
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A plane intersecting the point where a folded bed shows maximum curvature.
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diapir
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Forceful, upward intrusion of a rock mass into overlying rock. In the case of an igneous diapir, the intruding rock may be magma or a crystal-rich mush, either of which is less dense than the surrounding rock.
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astrobleme
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A circular erosional feature that has been ascribed to the impact of a meteorite or comet.
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lineament
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A linear (relatively straight) topographic feature or features such as a fault, line of dense vegetation, or a chain of aligned volcanoes.
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paleorift
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Dead or dormant rift structure with no remaining transient or thermal phenomena (recent or contemporary magmatism or enhanced heat flow).
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detachment plane
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The surface along which a landslide disconnects from its original position.
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folded mountain belt
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A long linear zone of the Earth's crust where the rocks have been higly deformed by horizontal stresses or the intrusion of molten rock.
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