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Basin and Range province
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This province extends from eastern California to central Utah, and from southern Idaho into the state of Sonora in Mexico. Within the Basin and Range province the Earth’s crust and uppermost mantle have been stretched, creating large faults. Along these faults linear mountain ranges were uplifted and flat valleys down-dropped, producing the distinctive topography of the Basin and Range province.
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shearing
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The motion of surfaces sliding past one another.
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fault
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A fracture or zone of fractures in rock along which the two sides have been displaced relative to each other parallel to the fracture. The total fault offset may range from centimeters to kilometers. Large fracture in the ground with two sides displaced relative to each other in drections parallel to the fracture.
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active fault
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A fault along which slip has occurred in historical (or Holocene) time or earthquake foci are located.
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fault plane
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The plane that most closely coincides with the rupture surface of a fault.
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fault plane
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The plane that best approximates the fracture surface of a fault.
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thrust plate
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Slab of rock, generally on the scale of a mountain or more, bounded by two thrust fault.
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elastic rebound theory
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A theory of fault movement and earthquake generation that holds that faults remain locked while strain energy accumulates in the country rock, and then suddenly slip and release this energy.
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displacement
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Vector defining offset on a fault that may represent slip in a single event or the accumulation of slip over a much longer time.
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normal fault
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A dip-slip fault in which the block above the fault has moved downward relative to the block below.
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reverse fault
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General term for a fault dipping between 30ø and vertical, and with the hanging wall moving up with respect to the foot wall.
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strike-slip fault
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A fault where the movement occurs parellel to the strike of the fault.
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strike-slip fault
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General term for a vertical fault with horizontal displacement vector producing lateral relative motion of the rock on either side.
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transcurrent fault
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One class of vertical fault with a horizontal displacement vector that does not link two or more plate tectonic scale boundaries.
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right-lateral fault
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A strike-slip fault on which the displacement of the far block is to the right when viewed from either side.
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left-lateral fault
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A strike-slip fault on which the displacement of the far block is to the left when viewed from either side.
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oblique-slip fault
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A fault that combines some strike slip motion with some dip-slip motion.
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dip-slip fault
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"A fault in which the relative displacement is along the direction of dip of the fault plane; the offset is either normal or reverse."
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friction breccia
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A breccia formed in a fault zone or volcanic pipe by the relative motion of two rock bodies.
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thrust fault
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A dip-slip fault in which the upper block above the fault plane moves up and over the lower block, so that older strata are placed over younger.
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block fault
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A structure formed when the crust is divided into blocks of different elevation by a set of normal fault.
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fault-block mountain
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A mountain or range formed as a horst when it was elevated between parallel normal fault.
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scarp
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A cliff formed by faulting, erosion, or landslide. (=escarpment)
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fault scarp
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A steep slope or cliff formed when movement along a fault exposes the fault surface.
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nappe
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A large body of rock that has been moved by gravity, thrust faulting, or any other mechansm some distance from its place of origin.
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klippe
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A remmant of a nappe.
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